European Central Bank May Get an Enforcement Role

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The New York Times
Thursday, September 13, 2012

European Central Bank May Get an Enforcement Role

By JACK EWING

FRANKFURT — To the European Central Bank’s existing duties — bulwark against inflation, lender of last resort, ultimate guardian of the euro — add another task: top cop for the euro zone’s banking system.

If the European Parliament and euro zone member states approve a plan presented on Wednesday by the European Commission, at the beginning of next year the central bank will become chief regulator of all banks in the euro zone, with the power to impose fines, remove top executives and even revoke banking licenses.

The central bank would supersede national regulators, which have been accused of being overly protective of the banks they oversee and reluctant to require the lenders to grapple with their problems.

But before the central bank can begin to tackle the task of regulating the more than 6,000 credit institutions in the euro zone, new staff members must be hired, money must be allocated and a clear structure must be developed to coordinate its work with the national regulators that will continue to handle most of the day-to-day tasks. No one yet has even rough estimates of how many people or how much money the central bank will need to perform the new role.

Even though the European Commission’s proposal for a banking union is a big leap, it does not grant the central bank powers on a par with those of United States banking authorities like the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Under the current plan, the central bank would not have the resources needed to prevent bank runs or the authority to arrange a decent burial for a terminally ill institution.

The plan for a banking union is a work in progress, assembled in the midst of a fast-moving crisis. It is doubtful whether the central bank’s supervision of banks will do much to ease tension in the euro zone, though it might help in the future.

“They need to develop their specific operational expertise,” said Jörg Rocholl, president of the European School of Management and Technology in Berlin. “I think of this as a long-term project that can prevent the next crisis from happening, to break this nexus between banks and states.”

The plan outlined by the European Commission would, if ratified, give the central bank new supervisory powers on Jan. 1. But it is likely to take six months from that date for the central bank to build up the capacity to regulate just the biggest, cross-border banks in the euro zone. It could be a year before it is able to supervise all the banks.

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